ASSESSMENT AND POLLUTION OF CASPIAN SEA

Abstract

The current study aims to investigate the problem of pollution of the Caspian Sea in Azerbaijan and the factors causing this pollution. To this end 3 water samples were taken and analyzed from the wastewater discharged by the oil refining industry into the Caspian Sea. Then water samples were taken from 7 different regions of the Caspian Sea and analyzed for mainly toxic organic compounds - PAHs, phenol and its derivatives as well as toxic heavy metals. The analyses were carried out using extremely sensitive devices such as GC-MSD gas chromatograph 6890N with a highly efficient mass-selective detector-Agilent 5975 and Perkin Elmer ICP/OES-2100DV was used for the chemical analysis of heavy metals. It was determined that the investigated toxic organic compounds in the waste waters of the oil industry and the waters of the Caspian Sea coast exceed the permissible limit. This fact was formed against the background of serious negative impacts on the flora and fauna of the Caspian Sea with the discharge of industrial wastewater. In water samples a total 26 organic toxic substances: 15 PAHs, 11 phenolic compounds and 9 heavy metals were analyzed. In general, the analysis of seawater shows that the amount of phenol was maximum in the regions of C3, S3 and S1. Also in the water samples from A3 and C3 the maximum amount of 15 PAHs was detected. Of the heavy metals Cd most exceeded the permissible concentration limit. In addition a physicochemical determination of water samples was carried out: pH, salinity and electrical conductivity were determined in the samples