Should we start a nationwide screening program for critical congenital heart disease in Turkey? A pilot study on four centres with different altitudes

Abstract

Background: To investigate the feasibility of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) screening test by pulse oximetry in four geographical regions of Turkey with different altitudes, before implementation of a nationwide screening program. Methods: It was a prospective multi-centre study performed in four centres, between December, 2015 and May, 2017. Pre- and post-ductal oxygen saturations and perfusion indices (PI) were measured using Masimo Radical-7 at early postnatal days. The results were evaluated according to the algorithm recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Additionally, a PI value Results: In 4888 newborns, the mean screening time was 31.5 +/- 12.1 hours. At first attempt, the mean values of pre- and post-ductal measurements were: saturation 97.3 +/- 1.8%, PI 2.8 +/- 2.0, versus saturation 97.7 +/- 1.8%, PI 2.3 +/- 1.3, respectively. Pre-ductal saturations and PI and post-ductal saturations were the lowest in Centre 4 with the highest altitude. Overall test positivity rate was 0.85% (n = 42). CCHD was detected in six babies (0.12%). Of them, right hand (91 +/- 6.3) and foot saturations (92.1 +/- 4.3%) were lower compared to ones with non-CCHD and normal variants (p <0.05, for all comparisons). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratio of the test were: 83.3%, 99.9%, 11.9%, 99.9%, and 99.2%, respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that pulse oximetry screening is an effective screening tool for congenital heart disease in newborns at different altitudes. We support the implementation of a national screening program with consideration of altitude differences for our country.